Next-generation human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes for metabolic disease modeling
- ´ë»ç Àå¾Ö ¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨À» À§ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀÌ Çâ»óµÈ °£¼¼Æ÷ - ƯÀÌÀû ¸¶Ä¿ ¹ßÇö ¹× ±â´É È®ÀÎ
- Æ÷µµ´ç Á¶Àý ±â´É È®ÀÎ
- ÁöÁú ´ë»ç ±â´É È®ÀÎ
- NAFLD ¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨ - Áö¹æÁõ À¯µµ¿¡ µû¸¥ Áß¼ºÁö¹æ(triglyceride), TNF¥á. Áõ°¡ È®ÀÎ
Introduction
ºñ¾ËÄڿüº Áö¹æ°£Áúȯ (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ÀÌÇÏ NAFLD), ´ë»çÁõÈıº, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´, ºñ¸¸°ú °°Àº ´ë»ç ÁúȯÀº Å©°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁöÁú ´ë»ç³ª Ç÷´ç Á¶Àý µî ½Åü ³» 500°¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â
°£ÀÇ ±â´É ÀúÇÏ´Â NAFLD, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´, ´ë»çÁõÈıº, ºñ¸¸°ú ¸ðµÎ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù
(±×¸² 1). ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, NAFLD´Â Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´ ¹ßº´ÀÇ À§Çè ¿ä¼Ò·Î½á, ºñ¾ËÄڿüº Áö¹æ°£¿° (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, ÀÌÇÏ NASH)·Î
ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ¸¸°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ë»çÁõÈıºÀº Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´°ú ½ÉÇ÷°ü ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, °¡Á·¼º °íÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·ÑÇ÷Áõ (familial hypercholesterolemia), ¾ËÆÄ-1 Ç×Æ®¸³½Å °áÇÌÁõ (Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency),
´ç¿øº´ (glycogen storage diseases)°ú °°Àº À¯Àü¼º ´ë»ç Àå¾Ö ÁúȯÀº ´ë»çÈ¿¼Ò °áÇÌ°ú °£±â´É ÀúÇϸ¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ °áÇÔÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 1. ´ë»çÁúȯ°ú °£±â´É ÀúÇÏ °£ÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è
°£±â´É ÀúÇÏ´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ´ë»ç ÁúȯÀ¸·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ç÷¾Ð, Ç÷´ç, Ç÷û Áß¼ºÁö¹æ, LDL ¼öÄ¡°¡ Áõ°¡Çϰųª ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ºñ¸¸ µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ´ë»çÁõÈıºÀº ¿ª½Ã °£±â´É ÀúÇÏ·Î À¯¹ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´À¸·Î ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°£±â´É ÀúÇÏ´Â NAFLD ¶ÇÇÑ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¾ËÄڿÿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´ë»ç ±â´É Àå¾Ö·Î ÀÎÇØ °£¿¡¼ Áö¹æÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¾î Áö¹æÁõÀÌ µÉ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. NAFLD´Â NASHÀ» °ÅÃÄ °£ °æº¯À¸·Î ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, NAFLD ȯÀÚ´Â Á¾Á¾ Àν¶¸° ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ»
À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ´Â NASH·Î ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °£ÀÌ ¿©·¯ ´ë»ç Áúȯ °£ÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¸Å°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù (Tilg, Moschen, and Roden 2016).
°£ ´ë»ç ÁúȯÀÇ ºÐÀÚÀû ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,
in vitro Áúº´ ¸ðµ¨Àº ÀÌ ¸ÅÄ¿´ÏÁò ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
In vitro ½ÇÇè ¸ðµ¨Àº °£ Àν¶¸° ÀúÇ×¼º, ÁöÁú ´ë»ç, À¯¸® Áö¹æ»ê ÃàÀû¿¡¼
º¸ÀÌ´Â ´ë»ç Ư¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϳª, °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨Àº human primary hepatocyte (ÀÌÇÏ hphep)·Î, ȹµæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °£¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ°í, ±âÁõÀÚ °£ÀÇ Æ¯¼º Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Å©±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç¿ë¿¡ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦¾àÀÌ ¾ø´Â Àΰ£À¯µµ¸¸´ÉÁٱ⼼Æ÷ (human induced pluripotent stem cell, ÀÌÇÏ hiPSC)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ °£¼¼Æ÷´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ hiPSC°¡ ¹«ÇÑ Áõ½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î °£¼¼Æ÷ ¼ö±ÞÀÌ ¿øÈ°ÇÏ°í, °Ç°ÇÑ »ç¶÷ ȤÀº Áúº´ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºñħ½ÀÀûÀ¸·Î
°£¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î, ¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨·Î °í·ÁÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµ¨Àº ƯÈ÷ À¯ÀüÀÚ ÆíÁýÀ» ÅëÇØ Æ¯Á¤ Áúº´¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ µ¹¿¬º¯À̸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ë»ç ÁúȯÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ÁøÇà °úÁ¤À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, hiPSC À¯·¡ °£¼¼Æ÷´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ ÆíÁýÀ» ÅëÇÑ °£±â´É È®ÀÎ µî
in vitro »ó¿¡¼¸¸ È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÑ°è·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö hiPSC À¯·¡ °£¼¼Æ÷´Â ´ë»ç Áúȯ ¸ðµ¨¸µÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±â¿¡ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ´ÙÄ«¶ó¹ÙÀÌ¿À´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ hiPSC ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¿¡¼ ³ôÀº ºÐÈ È¿À²À» º¸ÀÌ´Â °£¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ÃÖÀûÈÇÏ¿´°í (Ghosheh
et al. 2016),
°£¼¼Æ÷·Î ºÐÈµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ Àå±â°£ ¹è¾çÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹èÁö¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐÈ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ (ChiPSC12, ChiPSC18, ChiPSC22, ÀÌÇÏ C12, C18, C22)¸¦ enhanced hiPS-HEP·Î ºÐÈÇÑ Á¦Ç°À» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ºÐÈµÈ °£¼¼Æ÷ 3Á¾Àº lot º° variationÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ¿´±â¿¡, ½ÇÇè Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ½Å·Úµµ ³ôÀº ±â´É ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Cellartis
¢ç enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷´Â ¼ºÀÎ °£¼¼Æ÷ Ư¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, 2ÁÖ°£ ¾à¹° ´ë»ç ±â´ÉÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ½ÇÇè °á°ú¿¡¼ ´ë»ç Áúȯ¿¡¼ÀÇ °£¼¼Æ÷ ±â´É Æò°¡¿¡ hiPS-HEP°¡ ÀûÇÕÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Results
[ Enhanced hiPS-HEP cells express hepatocyte markers and display functional characteristics of mature hepatocytes ]
HNF4¥á (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4¥á)´Â °£ ¹ß´Þ ¹× °£ ƯÀÌ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¶ÀýÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àü»ç ÀÎÀÚ·Î, ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ´ë»ç °æ·Î¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù (Gonzalez 2008). ´ÙÄ«¶ó¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ºÐÈµÈ °£¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÇßÀ» ¶§,
90% ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ HNF4¥á¸¦ ¹ßÇöÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (Asplund
et al. 2016). ASGPR1 (Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1)´Â °£¿¡¼ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöµÇ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ Ç¥¸é ´Ü¹éÁú Áß Çϳª·Î, ¼º¼÷ÇÑ °£¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¸¶Ä¿·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù
(Takayama
et al. 2014; Peters
et al. 2016).
±×¸² 2¿¡¼ enhanced hiPS-HEP°¡ ÇÙ¿¡¼ HNF4¥á¸¦, ¼¼Æ÷ ¸·¿¡¼ ASGPR1¸¦ ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ƯÈ÷, Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄÀÇ enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡¼ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â HNF4¥á¿Í ASGPR1ÀÇ ¹ßÇö ¼öÁØÀº Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄÀÇ hphep¿¡¼ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ºñ½ÁÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Àå±â ¹è¾ç¿¡µµ °£¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ¸¶Ä¿ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2. Enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ¼º¼÷ÇÑ °£¼¼Æ÷ ¸¶Ä¿ÀÇ ¹ßÇö È®ÀÎ
(Panel A, B) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷ (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep ¼¼Æ÷ (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ HNF4¥á¿Í ASGPR1 ¹ßÇöÀ» ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÀ» ÅëÇØ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù (Scale bar = 50 §).
(Panel C) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷ (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep ¼¼Æ÷ (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ
HNF4¥á¿Í ASGPR1 mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¤·® ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
»ýü ³» ¼º¼÷ÇÑ °£¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ±â´É Áß, ¾ËºÎ¹Î (albumin)°ú ¿ä¼Ò (urea)ÀÇ ÇÕ¼º ¹× ºÐºñ ´É·ÂÀº
in vitro ¸ðµ¨À» Æò°¡Çϴµ¥ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ËºÎ¹ÎÀº Ç÷¾× ³» »ïÅõ¾ÐÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í, Ç÷û ³» ¾ËºÎ¹Î ¼öÄ¡°¡ ³·Àº °æ¿ì °£ °æº¯ ȤÀº
¸¸¼º °£¿°À» ÀǽÉÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ä¼Ò´Â °£¿¡¼ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ºÐÇصǴ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¹°Áú·Î½á, ¿ä¼Ò ÇÕ¼º Àå¾Ö´Â °£ ±â´É ÀúÇϸ¦ ÀǽÉÇغ¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °£¿¡¼ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ¥á1AT (alpha-1-antitrypsin)´Â °£¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨À» Æò°¡Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ƯÀÌÀû ¹°Áú·Î½á, °áÇÌ ½Ã¿¡´Â ¸¸¼º Á¶Á÷ Æı« ¹× °£ ¼Õ»óÀ» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù.
3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡¼ ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú a1ATÀÌ Àß ¹ßÇöµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»ö°ú mRNA ¹ßÇö ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ƯÈ÷, Enhanced hiPS-HEP¿Í hphep ¹è¾ç¿¡¼ ¾ËºÎ¹ÎÀÇ °ÇÑ ¹ßÇöÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
°£ Á¶Á÷ ½½¶óÀ̽º¿¡¼ È®ÀεǴ ´ë»çÀÇ ´ë»ó ±¸Á¶ (Jungermann and Kietzmann 2000) ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù
(±×¸² 3, Panel A).
°Ô´Ù°¡, Enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â ¿ä¼Ò ȸ·Î¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ hphep¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í
(±×¸² 3, Panel B), ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ºÐºñÇÑ´Ù
(±×¸² 3, Panel C). Çص¿ ÈÄ 4ÀÏ, 6ÀÏ, 12ÀÏ, 20ÀÏ Â°ÀÇ
Enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡¼ ¾ËºÎ¹Î ºÐºñ´Â hphep ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ¿Í À¯»çÇϰųª ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çص¿ ÈÄ 13ÀÏ, 20ÀÏ Â°ÀÇ enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â hphep (Çص¿ ÈÄ 1ÀÏ)¿¡ ºñÇØ ³·Àº ¿ä¼Ò ºÐºñ´ÉÀ» º¸¿´À¸³ª, ¹è¾ç ±â°£¿¡ µû¶ó Á¡Â÷ ³ôÀº ±â´ÉÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×¸² 3. ¼º¼÷ÇÑ °£¼¼Æ÷¿Í Enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷ °£ÀÇ ±â´É Ư¼º ºñ±³
(Panel A, B) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú ¥á1AT ¹ßÇöÀ» ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÀ» ÅëÇØ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ËºÎ¹ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì, ½ÇÁ¦ °£ Á¶Á÷ ½½¶óÀ̽º¿¡¼ ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÀ» ÇÔ²² È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (Scale bar = 50 §).
(Panel C) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 13ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò ȸ·Î¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ È¿¼ÒÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
(Panel D) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 13ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ
ALB¿Í a1AT mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¤·® ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
*
CPS1 = carbamoyl-phosphate synthase;
OTC = ornithine carbamoyltransferase;
ASS1 = argininosuccinate synthase;
ASL = argininosuccinate lyase; and
ARG1 = arginase-1.
(Panel E, F) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ ÈÄ 4ÀÏ, 6ÀÏ, 12ÀÏ, 20ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¸¦ 1ÀÏ°£ ¹è¾çÇÑ ¹èÁö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ELISA·Î ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú ¿ä¼Ò ºÐºñ´ÉÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
[ Enhanced hiPS-HEP cells show functional glucose regulation ]
°£¼¼Æ÷´Â Æ÷µµ´ç »ý»êÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿¡³ÊÁö ´ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. °£Àº Àν¶¸° ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ç÷´ç ¼öÄ¡°¡ ³ôÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â Æ÷µµ´çÀ» Glycogen ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåÇÏ°í Æ÷µµ´ç »ý¼ºÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¹Ý¸é, Ç÷´ç ¼öÄ¡°¡ ³·À» ¶§¿¡´Â ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â glycogenÀ» ºÐÇØÇÏ°í,
Æ÷µµ´çÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. NAFLD, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´, ´ë»ç ÁõÈıºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °£¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Àν¶¸° ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Ç÷´çÀÌ Ä¡¼Ú°Ô µÈ´Ù.
´ë»ç Áúȯ ¿¬±¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ °£¼¼Æ÷ ¸ðµ¨Àº Àν¶¸°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Æ÷µµ´ç Á¶Àý ±â´ÉÀ» Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â ³·Àº ³óµµÀÇ Àν¶¸°À¸·Îµµ protein kinase B-¥á (Akt)ÀÇ ÀλêÈ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
(±×¸² 4, Panel E, F),
±Û¸®ÄÚ°Õ »ý¼º°ú ´ç ½Å»ý °úÁ¤, Àν¶¸° ±âÀü°ú ¿¬°üµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀ» hphep ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´°í
(±×¸² 4, Panel B, C, D), glycogen ÀúÀå ´É·Â ¶ÇÇÑ È®ÀεǾú´Ù
(±×¸² 4, Panel A).
±×¸² 4. Enhanced hiPS-HEPÀÇ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Àν¶¸° ¹ÝÀÀ°ú Æ÷µµ´ç Á¶Àý ±â´É È®ÀÎ
(Panel A) hiPSC C18 ¼¼Æ÷ÁַκÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ glycogen ÀúÀå ´É·ÂÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. (Scale bar = 100 §)
(Panel B-D) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ glycogen ´ë»ç
(Panel B), ´ç ½Å»ý
(Panel C),
Àν¶¸° ±âÀü
(Panel D)¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀÇ mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¤·® ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
*
AGL = glycogen debranching enzyme;
GSK3A/
B = glycogen synthase kinase 3 ¥á/¥â;
GYS2 = glycogen synthase 2;
PYGL = glycogen phosphorylase, liver form;
PCK1/
2 = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1/2;
FBP1/
2 = fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1/2;
G6PC = glucose-6-phosphatase;
G6PD = glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase;
GLUT-2 = glucose transporter 2;
INSR = insulin receptor;
IRS1/
2 = insulin receptor substrate 1/2;
PIK3CA/
B/
D = PI3-kinase subunit ¥á/¥â/¥ä; and
AKT1 = protein kinase B-¥á.
(Panel E) hiPSC C18 ¼¼Æ÷ÁַκÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 12ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ Àν¶¸°À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Akt ´Ü¹éÁú ÀλêÈ ¹ÝÀÀ ¼öÁØÀ» western blotÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
(Panel F) hiPSC C18 ¼¼Æ÷ÁַκÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 6ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ Akt pS473ÀÇ ÀλêÈ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ELISA·Î È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. 0nM, 2nM ³óµµÀÇ Àν¶¸°¿¡¼ Akt ÀλêÈ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÃøÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
[ Enhanced hiPS-HEP cells show functional lipid metabolism ]
°Ç°ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, À½½Ä ¼·Ãë ÈÄ Áö¹æ»ê°ú ½ºÅ×·Ñ, ÁöÁú´Ü¹éÁúÀ» °£ ¾ÈÆÆÀ¸·Î ¿î¹ÝÇÏÁö¸¸, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áúº´ »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó ´ë»ç °úÁ¤ÀÇ ±â´É Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °£Àº LDL (Low-density lipoprotein)À»
Èí¼öÇÏ°í VLDL (Very-low-density lipoprotein)°ú HDL (High-density lipoprotein)À» ºÐºñÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Ç÷¾× ³» ÁöÁú´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¶Á÷ ¿î¹Ý ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·Ñ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)´Â LDL receptor¿ÍÀÇ
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ Ç÷Àå ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·ÑÀÇ Ç×»ó¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â È¿¼Ò´Ù. ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·ÑÀ» ¿î¹ÝÇÏ´Â LDL ÀÔÀÚ°¡ LDL receptor¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ÀÌ´Â °£¼¼Æ÷·Î À̵¿ÇÏ°í, ÀÌ receptor¸¦ Ÿ°ÙÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© PCSK9´Â lysosome ºÐÇظ¦ ÁøÇàÇÑ´Ù. PCSK9°¡ ÀúÇصǸé,
LDL ¼ö¿ëü°¡ ¼¼Æ÷¸·À¸·Î ´Ù½Ã À̵¿ÇÏ°í, ¼¼Æ÷ ¿Ü ¿ë¾×¿¡¼ LDL ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. PCSK9°¡ Ç÷Áß LDL ³óµµ¸¦ ³·ÃãÀ¸·Î½á ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·ÑÀÇ ¼öÄ¡ ¶ÇÇÑ ³·Ãâ ¼ö Àֱ⿡, À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¾à¹° 2Á¾ÀÌ 2015³â¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ FDA¿¡¼ ½ÂÀεǾú´Ù.
Enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â Áö¹æ»êÀÇ Èí¼ö, ÇÕ¼º ¹× beta oxidation¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¿ä À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ hphep°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù
(±×¸² 5, Panel C). ¶ÇÇÑ enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â LDL receptor¸¦ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í
(±×¸² 5, Panel B), Çü±¤ Ç¥ÁöµÈ LDLÀ» uptakeÇÑ´Ù
(±×¸² 5, Panel A). »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡¼ Ç÷Áß ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·Ñ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇϴµ¥ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÀüÀÚ (e.g., apolipoprotein B (VLDL),
apolipoprotein A1 (HDL), PCSK9, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2 (SREBP-1 and -2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL))ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÁöÁú´Ü¹éÁú ³»ÀÇ Áß¼ºÁö¹æÀ» À¯¸®Áö¹æ»ê°ú Glycerol·Î °¡¼öºÐÇØÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀڷνá,
enhanced hiPS-HEP°¡ ÁöÁú ´ë»ç¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿©·¯ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 5. Enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡¼ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÁöÁú ´ë»çÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Ư¡
(Panel A) 2Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 6ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú ¥á1AT ¹ßÇöÀ» ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÀ» ÅëÇØ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ËºÎ¹ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àΰ£ °£ Á¶Á÷ ½½¶óÀ̽º¿¡¼ ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»öÀ» ÇÔ²² È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (Scale bar = 50 §). Çص¿ ÈÄ 4ÀÏ, 12ÀÏ ÈÄÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ¶ÇÇÑ À¯»çÇÑ LDL uptake¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (Data not shown).
(Panel B, C) 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC (C12, C18, C22)·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 13ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿Í hphep (Çص¿ 1ÀÏ ÈÄ)¿¡¼ Ç÷Áß ÄÝ·¹½ºÅ×·Ñ Á¶Àý°ú Áö¹æ»ê ´ë»ç °úÁ¤¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀÇ mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¤·® ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
*
LDLR = LDL receptor;
APOB/
A1 = apolipoprotein B-100/A1;
PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9;
SREBP-1/
2 = sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/2;
LPL = lipoprotein lipase;
FATP2/
4/
5 = fatty acid transporter protein 2/4/5;
FASN = fatty acid synthase;
SCD5 = stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5;
ACADL = acyl-CoA dehydrogenase;
L-FABP = liver fatty acid-binding protein; and
CPT1A = carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1.
[ Modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ]
NAFLD´Â °£¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Áö¹æ Èí¼ö¿Í ¹èÃâ °úÁ¤¿¡ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¼º Áö¹æÀ» ÃàÀûÇϰųª Áö¹æÁõÀ» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù. NAFLDÀÇ ¸»±â¿¡ À̸£¸é Áö¹æ ÃàÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ER stress¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿°ÁõÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç,
À̸¦ NASH·Î ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù (Zhang
et al. 2014, Zhang and Kaufman, 2008). ER stress¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇÏ´Â thapsigargin°ú °°Àº ¹°ÁúÀº ER stress°¡ ¿°ÁõÀ̳ª ¼¶À¯Á¾ ¸¶Ä¿ÀÎ
TNF¥áÀÇ »ó½ÂÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÁöÇ¥·Î½á »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Enhanced hiPS-HEP¿¡ thapsigargin°ú Àú³óµµ, °í³óµµÀÇ ºÒÆ÷È Áö¹æ»ê (oleic acid, ÀÌÇÏ OA)À» 24½Ã°£ ó¸®ÇßÀ» ¶§, ÁöÁú ³» Áß¼ºÁö¹æÀ» ÃàÀûÇÏ°í
(±×¸² 6, Panel A),
TNF¥á mRNA ¹ßÇöÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù
(±×¸² 6, Panel B).
±×¸² 6. Áß¼ºÁö¹æÀÇ ÃàÀû°ú Áö¹æÁõ¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â TNF¥á ¿°Áõ ¸¶Ä¿ÀÇ ¹ßÇö Áõ°¡
hiPSC C18 ¼¼Æ÷ÁַκÎÅÍ ºÐÈµÈ enhanced hiPS-HEP (Çص¿ 6ÀÏ ÈÄ)¸¦ BSA vehicle control, 200 ¥ìMÀÇ OA, 200 ¥ìM OA¿Í 1 ¥ìMÀÇ thapsigargin, 600 ¥ìM OA¸¦ °¢°¢ ó¸®ÇÏ¿© 24½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¹è¾çÇÏ¿´´Ù.
(Panel A) °íÁ¤µÈ ¼¼Æ÷´Â Oil Red O¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿°»öµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼Æ÷ ³» ÁöÁúÀº ºÓÀº »öÀ¸·Î È®Àεȴ٠(Scale bar = 50 §). Çص¿ ÈÄ 4ÀÏ, 12ÀÏ ÈÄÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ¶ÇÇÑ À¯»çÇÑ Oil Red O ¿°»ö °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (Data not shown).
(Panel B) TNF¥á mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» qPCR·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇßÀ» ¶§, thapsigargin¿Í °ü°è¾øÀÌ OA¸¦ ó¸®ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ controlº¸´Ù ³ôÀº ¹ßÇöÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
Conclusions
´ÙÄ«¶ó¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÀÇ °íÈ¿À² ºÐÈ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐȵǰí, ¹è¾çµÈ hiPSC À¯·¡ °£¼¼Æ÷´Â NAFLD/NASH, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´, ´ë»çÁõÈıºÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °£ ´ë»ç Àå¾Ö¿Í °ü·Ã Áúº´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ ³ôÀÌ°íÀÚ »ç¿ëµÇ±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, lot variationÀ»
ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ¿© ÀÏ°üµÈ ¼¼Æ÷ °ø±ÞÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. Cellartis
¢ç enhanced hiPS-HEP´Â hphep¿Í °°Àº ¼º¼÷ÇÑ °£¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â HNF4¥á, ASGPR1, ¥á1AT¿Í °°Àº À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÇö, ¾ËºÎ¹Î°ú ¿ä¼Ò ºÐºñ, Æ÷µµ´ç°ú ÁöÁú Á¶Àý ±â´ÉÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
NAFLDÀÇ ÁøÇà °úÁ¤À» ¸ð¹æÇÑ Áö¹æÁõ À¯µµ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ¿°Áõ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¹è¾ç 5ÀÏÂ÷ºÎÅÍ ÃÖ´ë 19ÀϱîÁö ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾à 14ÀÏ ÀÌ»óÀÇ assay window¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. Enhanced hiPS-HEP ¼¼Æ÷´Â ÃÑ 3Á¾ÀÇ hiPSC·ÎºÎÅÍ
ºÐÈµÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ Á¦Ç° ¶óÀÎÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í,
°£¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
*º» Cellartis¢ç Enhanced hiPS-HEP v2 Á¦Ç°Àº custom product·Î ¿î¿µµÇ´Â Á¦Ç°À¸·Î, Á¦Ç° °ü·Ã ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÄ«¶óÄÚ¸®¾Æ °í°´Áö¿ø (TEL. 02-2081-2510, support@takara.co.kr)À¸·Î ¹®ÀÇ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.
[¿ø¹®] Next-generation human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes for metabolic disease modeling
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