ÀÚµ¿ÈµÈ ´ÜÀÏ ¼¿ RNA-seq Ç÷§Æû¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ Àִ°¡?
ÀÓ»ó ¹× ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ transcriptome ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ NGS(Next-Generation Sequencing, Â÷¼¼´ë¿°±â¼¿ºÐ¼®)ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÏ°í º´ÇàÀûÀΠ󸮰¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ Ç÷§ÆûÀÌ Ãâ½ÃµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, microfluidics, droplet encapsulation ¶Ç´Â multi-sample nanodispensing µî°ú °°Àº ±â¹Ý ±â¼úÀÇ º¯È´Â ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ĸóµÇ°í 󸮵Ǵ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ platform°£ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¹«¾ùÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ±î?
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¼º´É ºñ±³´Â ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷ RNA-seq(scRNA-seq) ½ÇÇèÀ» À§ÇØ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ABRF(Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities) GRG(Genomics Research Group)´Â Fluidigm, 10X Genomics, Illumina/Bio-Rad, Takara BioÀÇ platformÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ABRF 2018 conference¿¡¼ "Comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing platforms and methods(ÆÄÀÏ ¸µÅ©)"À̶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ Æ÷½ºÅ͸¦ ÅëÇØ ½ÉÃþÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.
scRNA-seq platform ºñ±³
ÀúÀÚµéÀº ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷ NGS library prep ½Ã½ºÅÛ °£ÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Ç°Áú ºñ±³¿¡ Âø¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù : FluidigmÞä C1(96 IFC ¹× HT-IFC), 10X GenomicsÞä Chromium Controller, Illumina/Bio-RadÞä ddSEQ,
Takara BioÞä SMARTer ICELL8 single cell system.
ABRF GRG´Â histone deacetylase inhibitorÀÎ TSA ¶Ç´Â DMSO·Î ó¸®µÈ ¼ö¹é °³ÀÇ °³º° SUM149PT ¼¼Æ÷(breast cancer cell line)·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ý¼ºÇß´Ù. °¢ platformÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ĸóÇÏ°í
library¸¦ ÁغñÇß´Ù. Bulk RNA-seq´Â °¢ ó¸® Á¶°ÇÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÀϺηΠ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù.
The findings
Nano-dispensing¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ Takara Bio SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ microfluidics ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ Å©±â¿¡ µû¸¥ Á¦¾àÀ̳ª droplet ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ imagingÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Á¦¾à ¾øÀÌ,
heterogeneous population¿¡¼ ¼ö¹é °³ÀÇ ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ³ôÀº 󸮷®À¸·Î ÁøÇàÇÏ¿©, »ùÇà ó¸®ÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ordered array¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î¼ µÎ°¢À» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. ABRF GRG´Â ÃÖ´ë 1,800°³ÀÇ ´ÜÀϼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ä¸Ã³ ¿ë·®À» °¡Áø ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ monitoringÇÏ°í,
¼¼Æ÷ Å©±âÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼Æ÷ ĸó È¿À²ÀÌ ¿ì¼öÇÏ°í, 3' expression(DE) profilingÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇß´Ù. (¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®: Takara Bio´Â ÀÌÈÄ Full-Length scRNA-seq¿¡ ´ëÇÑ workflow¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù.)
SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÃÑ ¼¼Æ÷ ĸó ¹× library Á¦ÀÛ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ platform¿¡ ºñÇØ »ó´çÈ÷ ³·¾Ò´Ù. SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °æ¿ì 7½Ã°£, Fluidigm C1 HTÀÇ °æ¿ì 12½Ã°£ ±×¸®°í Fluidigm 96 IFC,
10X Chromium ¹× Illumina/Bio-Rad ddSEQÀÇ °æ¿ì °¢°¢ 10½Ã°£ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº sensitivity, read efficiency ¹× gene diversity¶ó´Â Áß¿äÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Ç°Áú ÁöÇ¥¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³µ´Ù.
Sensitivity
¹Î°¨µµ, Áï ±¸º°µÇ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â ´É·Â¿¡ °üÇؼ¶ó¸é, SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº 10X ChromiumÀÇ ÃÖ°í µ¥ÀÌÅͺ¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÑ´Ù(¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² 1). SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ 10¹è Á¤µµÀÇ
À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ °ËÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ °ËÃâÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ Áß°£°ªÀº µÎ °¡Áö Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ¸ðµÎ 10X genomics ¹× Illumina/Bio-Rad ddSEQÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¼ö¸¦ ´É°¡Çß´Ù.
±×¸² 1. Takara Bio SMARTer ICELL8 Single Cell ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ scRNA-seqÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º°ø·ü(Gene detection). 10X Genomics Chromium ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö Á¶°ÇÀº Áï½Ã ó¸®ÇÑ
10X fresh(pink)¿Í overnight shipmentÈÄ Ã³¸®ÇÑ 10X shipped(purple)À̾ú´Ù. Takara BioÀÇ Ç÷§Æû(teal)Àº 10X Genomics Platformº¸´Ù ¿ùµîÈ÷ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
Read efficiency
À̾îÁö´Â ºÐ¼®(¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² 2)¿¡¼ ÀúÀÚµéÀº threshold(CPM>1)¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ´Â °íÇ°ÁúÀÇ »ç¿ë °¡´É µ¥ÀÌÅÍ È¹µæ È¿À²¼º ¶Ç´Â Read efficiency¸¦ »ìÆ캸±â¸¦ ¿øÇß´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀбⰡ À¯¿ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·Î ÀüȯµÇ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ threshold¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ´Â read´Â È®ÀÎµÈ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °è»êÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÃÄö½ºµÈ ÃÑ read¼ö Áß¿¡¼ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ read ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³ôÀ» °æ¿ì È¿À²¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ô´Ù. ƯÈ÷ 10X genomics¿Í
Illumina-Bio Rad platformÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ³·Àº È¿À²À» º¸¿´´Ù. Áï½Ã ó¸®ÇÑ 10X Genomics ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °æ¿ì, 5.3 x 10
8ÀÇ ÃÑ readÁß ~1.4 x 10
8ÀÇ À¯¿ëÇÑ read(¾à 26%, overnight shipment ÈÄ Ã³¸® ½Ã ~36%)¸¦
»êÃâÇß´Ù. ÇÑÆí, SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÃÑ read ¼ö ~2.1 x 10
8Áß 0.9 x 10
8ÀÇ À¯¿ëÇÑ read(¾à 43%)°¡ »êÃâÇß´Ù.
±×¸² 2. Takara Bio SMARTer ICELL8 Single Cell ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ scRNA-seq¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ôÀº Read(µ¥ÀÌÅÍ) efficiency.
ÃÑ Read¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÇ°Áú ReadÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ Read efficiency¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº 43%ÀÇ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Read ¼º´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 10X´Â Áï½Ã ó¸®ÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì 26%·Î ºÎÁ·Çß´Ù.
Gene diversity
´Ù¼öÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¼º°ø¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Platformº° ±â¼ú¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ·ïÁø gene diversity¸¦ Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ(¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² 3), ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¼¼Æ÷´ç 20,000°³ÀÇ
Read(Fluidigm C1ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼¼Æ÷´ç 1,000,000°³, ±× ¿Ü ¸ðµç platformÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼¼Æ÷´ç 100,000°³)·Î down-sampling ÇÏ¿´´Ù. SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¹Ý¸é, 10X Genomics´Â
±×¿¡ µÚóÁ® SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ 10X Genomics Chromiumº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ Gene diversityÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.
±×¸² 3. Takara Bio SMARTer ICELL8 Single Cell ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ scRNA-seq µ¥ÀÌÅÍ. platform Àü¹ÝÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¼¼Æ÷´ç 20,000°³·Î down-samplingÇßÀ» ¶§, °ËÃâµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚ¿¡¼
10X Genomics(ÇÎÅ©¿Í º¸¶ó)°¡ ´ÙÄ«¶ó ¹ÙÀÌ¿À(û·Ï»ö)¿¡ Å©°Ô µÚÁ³´Ù.
Conclusions
ÀÚµ¿ÈµÈ scRNA-seq platform ³»ºÎ¿¡´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ Àִ°¡? Æò°¡µÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ư¡¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, Data quality, Efficiency ¹× Diversity¿Í °°Àº ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ìÆ캸¸é SMARTer ICELL8 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ
ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÑ´Ù. 3' DE ¹× scTCR profiling°ú °°Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹× »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ application¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº SMARTer ICELL8 ÇнÀ ¼¾Å͸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇϽʽÿÀ.
Acknowledgments
Takara Bio´Â ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ°í, ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ABRF 2018 Conference¿¡¼ ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ ±â»ç¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ ABRF GRG(ƯÈ÷ Dr. Sridar V. Chittur, Director of the Microarray
& HT Sequencing Core in the Center for Functional Genomics at University of Albany)¿¡°Ô °¨»ç¸¦ µå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÀϺηΠTakara BioÀÇ SMARTer ICELL8 Single Cell systemÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀ» ¿µ±¤À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.