TCR-seq methods: strengths, weaknesses, and rankings
T ¼¼Æ÷´Â ¸é¿ª Á¾¾çÇÐÀ̳ª ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ªÁúȯ°ú °°Àº ÀûÀÀ ¸é¿ª ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷·Î, À̸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¸é¿ª ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ º¹À⼺À» ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. TCR (T cell receptor) repertoire¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¹ý Áß¿¡¼µµ, NGS¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡Àå Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϸç TCR-seqÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®¿î´Ù.
¾ÈŸ±õ°Ôµµ NGS¸¦ À§ÇØ »ó¿ëÈµÈ Á¦Ç°À̳ª protocolÀÌ ¸ðµÎ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô TCRÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¼®¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó È¿À²ÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö Àֱ⿡, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ý Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
The fundamentals of TCR-seq
[DNA vs. RNA template]
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ TCR-seq ¹æ¹ýÀº Ãʱ⠻ùÇÃÀ» ¾î¶² °É·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´À³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ·ùÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. DNA¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¼¼Æ÷ ´ç ÇϳªÀÇ template¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⿡ °¢ TCR cloneÀ» Á¤·®ÈÇÒ ¶§ ÀûÇÕÇϳª, ´Ù¼Ò ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. RNA¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â º¸´Ù ¹Î°¨ÇÏ°Ô TCR¿¡¼ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù¼ö È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, unique molecular index (UMI)¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© PCR·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ù³ª ÆíÇ⼺À» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ Èñ±Í µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ µîÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
[CDR3 only vs. full-length sequence]
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ immune profiling ½ÇÇèÀº TCR, BCR ¼¿ ³» CDR3 ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃçÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. CDR3 ¿µ¿ªÀº Ç׿ø°ú receptor »çÀÌÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ÁßÁ¡ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î¼, °¡Àå º¯ÀÌ°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ È®ÀεȴÙ. ±×·¯³ª, Full-length sequencingÀº Ç׿ø°ú receptorÀÇ °áÇÕÀ̳ª downstream signaling ¿ªÇÒÀÇ CDR1, CDR2µµ ÇÔ²² ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î, cloneÀ» Á÷Á¢ º¹Á¦ÇÏ°í ºÐº°ÇØ ³»±â ´õ ½±°í receptor ³»ÀÇ immune repertoire ¼¿ ºÐ¼®µµ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀº Ç×ü Ä¡·áÁ¦³ª T ¼¼Æ÷ Ä¡·áÁ¦ ¿¬±¸¿¡µµ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
[Bulk vs. single-cell analysis]
½ÇÇè ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ µû¶ó, Single cell ¼öÁØ È¤Àº bulk cell ¼öÁØÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Immune repertoire ´Ù¾ç¼º ºÐ¼®Àº bulk ¼öÁØÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¿© ÁøÇàµÈ ¹Ý¸é, ƯÁ¤ Ç׿øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ TCR/BCR ¼¿ ½Äº°Àº single cell ¼öÁØÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. Bulk ¼öÁØÀÇ ºÐ¼®Àº ÇѹøÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼¿À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ±â´ÉÀûÀÎ TCRÀº alpha chain°ú beta chain ½ÖÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, BCRÀº heavy chain°ú light chain ½ÖÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î, À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ TCR°ú BCR ºÐÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇس¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ T ¼¼Æ÷¿Í B ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏ receptor ¼¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ, single-cell ¼öÁØÀÇ ºÐ¼®À¸·Î ¼¿°ú ¿°±â ½Ö Á¤º¸¸¦ ¸ðµÎ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, Çѹø¿¡ ºÐ¼® °¡´ÉÇÑ »ùÇà ¼ö¿¡ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº óÀ½ Bulk ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© °áÇÕ Ä£È¼ºÀ̳ª ¸ñÀû Ç¥ÇöÇüÀ» °¡Áö´Â single cell ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î º¸´Ù ¿¬±¸¸¦ È®ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
[NGS library prep : multiplex PCR vs. 5¡¯ RACE-PCR]
ÈÇÐÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼ »ìÆ캸¸é, Multiplex PCR (mPCR)°ú Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends PCR (5¡¯ RACE-PCR)ÀÌ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù. mPCRÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç V, J germline À¯ÀüÀÚ (C gene)¸¦ Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â primer poolÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀüüÀÇ V(D)J Àç¹è¿ ȤÀº CDR3 ¿µ¿ªÀ» ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î ÁõÆøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é ÁõÆø °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ÆíÇ⼺ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϰųª À߸øµÈ ¼¿ÀÇ ÁõÆøÀ¸·Î °á°ú°¡ ¿Ö°îµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, RNA ƯÀÌÀû 5¡¯ RACE-PCRÀº mRNA Àü»çü ³»ÀÇ C gene ¿µ¿ªÀ» Ç¥ÀûÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏ primer¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⿡, PCR bias¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸² 1. ¸é¿ª ·¹ÆÄÅ丮 ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ sequencing lbrary Á¦ÀÛ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ºñ±³
5¡Ç RACE, shown here as part of the overall workflow for our SMARTer TCR and BCR profiling kits, enables the capture of full-length receptor sequences from mRNA without relying on multiple degenerate primers that overlap regions of variability. Multiplex PCR can use DNA or RNA as template, but often requires sample-specific optimization to avoid PCR bias arising from the use of the aforementioned degenerate primers. In the example schematic for a resulting sequencing-ready library, P5 and P7 refer to Illumina flow cell binding sites added by the primers during library preparation. Primers throughout the diagram are shown as left- and right-pointing arrows along the templates.
Unpacking replicability and reproducibility of popular TCR-seq methods
TCR-seq ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ÀçÇö¼º, º¹Á¦´É, °¨µµ, ƯÀ̼º, ÃÑ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù
Nature Biotechnology ¹ßÇ¥µÈ Barennes et al. ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ÇмúÀû, »ó¾÷Àû ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â mPCR, 5¡¯ RACR-PCR ±â¹ÝÀÇ 9°¡Áö library prep ¹æ¹ýÀ» ºñ±³Çؼ °¡Àå Á¤È®ÇÏ°í °á°ú°¡ ¸¸Á·½º·¯¿î Á¦Ç°À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ »ùÇà ¾çÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ T ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ »ùÇ÷Π»ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±× °á°ú·Î mPCR ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼´Â Adaptive Technology»çÀÇ immunoSEQ, RACE ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÄ«¶ó¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÀÇ
SMARTer¢ç Human TCR a/b Profiling Kit°ú Eugster
et al. ·Î ¹ßÇ¥µÈ template switch oligo¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ homebrew ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù.
Conclusions
´ÙÄ«¶ó¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÀÇ
SMARTer¢ç Human TCR a/b Profiling Kit´Â TCR ¥á/¥â (TRA/TRB) repertoire profiling¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, º» ³í¹®¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ 8°¡Áö ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ³ôÀº ÀçÇö¼º, º¹Á¦´É, °¨µµ, ƯÀ̼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. ÇØ´ç Á¦Ç°Àº UMI¿Í UDI¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ
SMARTer¢ç Human TCR a/b Profiling Kit v2·Î ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå µÇ¾î, Á¤È®µµ°¡ °³¼±µÇ¾ú´Ù.
[¿ø¹®] TCR-seq methods: strengths, weaknesses, and rankings &
4 factors to consider for immune repertoire profiling
[Âü°í¹®Çå] References and product citations
- Barennes, P.
et al. Benchmarking of T cell receptor repertoire profiling methods reveals large systematic biases.
Nature Biotechnology, 1-10 (2020).
- Eugster, A.
et al. Measuring T cell receptor and T cell gene expression diversity in antigen-responsive human CD4+ T cells.
Journal of Immunological Methods,
400-401(1), 13-22 (2013).