HDR template ³»¿¡ PAMÀ̳ª sgRNA ÀÎ½Ä ºÎÀ§¿Í °°Àº ¼¿À» ±×´ë·Î Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, Cas9-sgRNA RNP´Â HDR·Î µµÀÔµÈ »õ·Î¿î genome target¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© DNA¸¦ Àý´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ °¨¾ÈÇØ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â HDR template¿¡ silent mutationÀ» µµÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Cas9-sgRNA RNP°¡ HDR template¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇè ¼º°ø·üÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸¾à, ½ÇÇè¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â PAM ¼¿ÀÌ ÄÚµù ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ°í, silent mutationÀ¸·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¶ó¸é À̸¦ ÁøÇàÇÏ¿© À¯ÀüÀÚ ÆíÁýÀÇ Á¤È®µµ¸¦ ³ôÀÌ°í, HDR template ³» Cas9 ÀÛ¿ë°ú indel Çü¼ºÀ» ¹æÁöÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù (Paquet
et al. 2016). RNPÀÇ °áÇÕÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ PAM ¼¿À» mutation½Ãų ¶§¿¡´Â SpCas9ÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ´ú ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ¼¿ (NAG ȤÀº NGA)³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¼¿À» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â Cas12a (i.e., TCTA, TCCA, or CCCA)¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (Zhang
et al. 2014; Hsu
et al. 2013)
ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡ Protospacer sequence¿¡µµ mutationÀ» µµÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϺΠsgRNA´Â °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¼¿ÀÌ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àֱ⿡, PAM°ú °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ¿°±âµéÀ» º¯°æÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù (Paquet
et al. 2016; Kwart
et al. 2017).
¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²Àº HDR template ³» PAM mutationÀ» µµÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÆíÁý È¿À²À» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ¿¹½Ã·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸² 2. PAM ¼¿ÀÇ mutation µµÀÔÀ» ÅëÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚ ÆíÁý È¿À² Çâ»ó
UGT1A9 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ C terminus¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ stop codon ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡ myc tag (³ë¶õ»ö)À» Ç¥ÁöÇÏ´Â ½ÇÇèÀ» ÁøÇàÇß´Ù. Ÿ°ÙÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÀνÄÇϵµ·Ï sgRNA 3Á¾À» µðÀÚÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ °¢°¢ÀÇ È¿À²À» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. Myc tag ¼¿¸¸À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â HDR template¿Í insert¿Í mutationÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â HDR template °¢°¢À» RNP complex¿Í ÇÔ²² ChiPSC18 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ electroporationÀ¸·Î µµÀÔÇß´Ù. ElectroporationÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ ÈÄ, °¢°¢ÀÇ »ùÇñº¿¡¼ Guide-it¢â SNP Screening Kit¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ seamlessÇÏ°Ô ¸ñÀû tag ¼¿ÀÌ »ðÀÔ µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö 5¡¯, 3¡¯ ¸»´ÜÀÇ Çü±¤ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» °ËÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á HDR È¿À²À» ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ÇÔ²², myc tag°¡ »ðÀÔµÇ¸é¼ »ý±ä Ndel Á¦ÇÑÈ¿¼Ò ÀÎ½Ä ºÎÀ§°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥, À̸¦ RFLP ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °ËÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á HDR È¿À²À» Ãß°¡·Î ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤¿¡¼´Â sgRNA3°ú mutation ¼¿À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â HDR template¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½ÇÇè ±º¿¡¼¸¸ °á°ú°¡ È®ÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ½ÇÇ豺Àº Guide-it¢â SNP Screening Kit¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ºÐ¼®ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ °¡Àå ³ôÀº Çü±¤ °ªÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
/ References
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Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 827-32 (2013).
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Nat. Protoc. 12, 329-354 (2017).
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et al. Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR/Cas9.
Nature 533, 125-129 (2016).
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et al. Structural Basis for the Canonical and Non-canonical PAM Recognition by CRISPR-Cpf1.
Mol. Cell 67, 633-645.e3 (2017).
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et al. Comparison of non-canonical PAMs for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage in human cells.
Sci. Rep. 4, doi: 10.1038/srep05405 (2014).