mRNAÀÇ 5¡¯-capping
mRNAÀÇ 5¡¯-cap ±¸Á¶´Â eukaryotic cell¿¡¼ translation, stabilization, transportation µî¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ IVT (
in vitro transcription)¸¦ ÅëÇÑ mRNA ÇÕ¼º ÈÄ¿¡µµ translation¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ downstream applicationÀ» À§ÇØ RNAÀÇ cappingÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¡á Basic mRNA structure
¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²Àº IVT·Î ÇÕ¼ºµÈ mRNAÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶ (5¡¯-cap, 5¡¯-UTR, CDS, 3¡¯-UTR, poly(A) tail)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±¸Á¶ÀÇ mRNA´Â poly(A) binding protein (PABP) µî°ú °áÇÕÇØ closed loop ±¸Á¶¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í translation ½ÃÀÛ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, À̶§ pseudouridine °°Àº modified nucleoside°¡ Á¾Á¾ host cell¿¡¼ÀÇ ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» ³·Ãß±â À§ÇØ °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°ï ÇÑ´Ù (Kariko et al., 2008).
±×¸² 1. IVT·Î ÇÕ¼ºµÈ mRNA±¸Á¶. eIF4F = Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F, 5¡Ç UTR = 5¡Ç untranslated region, CDS/ORF = coding sequence/open reading frame, 3¡Ç UTR = 3¡Ç untranslated region, PABP = poly(A) binding protein, m1¥× = N1-methylpseudouridine.
¿©±â¼ 5¡¯-cap ±¸Á¶´Â N7ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¸ÞÆ¿ÈµÈ guanosineÀ¸·Î (m7G) mRNAÀÇ 5¡¯-¸»´ÜÀÇ Ã¹ nucleotide¿¡ triphosphate linkage (PPP)·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù (+1 position). ÀÌ·± ±¸Á¶¸¦ m7G-ppp-N1ȤÀº cap-0¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. Eukaryotic cell¿¡¼´Â ¿©±â¼ 5¡¯-cap¿¡ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ Ã¹¹ø° nucleotide (+1)°¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Þƿȵǰí, À̸¦ cap-1À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. Cap-1 ±¸Á¶´Â mRNAÀÇ ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» ³·Ãá´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
¡á Cap-0 ¿Í cap-1 mRNA ±¸Á¶
Cap-0¿Í cap-1ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±×¸² 2). cap-1 ±¸Á¶´Â ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ mRNAÀÇ self¿Í non-self¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇϴµ¥ °ü¿©Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡
in vivo Àû¿ë½Ã ³·Àº ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
±×¸² 2. Cap-0¿Í cap-1±¸Á¶ÀÇ ºñ±³. cap-1 mRNA´Â ù¹ø° nucleotide¿¡ methyl±â°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù (ÆĶõ»ö). m7G = 5¡Ç cap, ppp = triphosphate linkage, N1N2N3 = transcription start/initiation site (the first 3 nucleotides of the 5¡Ç UTR), CDS = coding sequence.
¡á Co-transcriptional vs. post-transcriptional capping
mRNA¿¡ cap-1 ±¸Á¶¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â 2 °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ù ¹ø°´Â co-transcriptional cappingÀ¸·Î cap analog (±×¸² 3; ¿ÞÂÊ)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, µÎ¹ø°´Â post-transcriptional cappingÀ¸·Î
Vaccinia capping enzyme (Code 2460A)°ú
mRNA Cap 2-O-Methyltransferase (Code 2470A) °°Àº enzymeÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù(±×¸² 3; ¿À¸¥ÂÊ).
±×¸² 3. Co-transcriptional vs. Post-transcriptional capping ¹æ¹ý (cap-1 ±¸Á¶). Co-transcriptional cappingÀº IVT¿¡¼ mRNA°¡ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ¸é¼ cap analog°¡ 5¡¯ ¸»´Ü¿¡ Ãß°¡µÇ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é post-transcriptional cappingÀº IVT°¡ ³¡³ ÈÄ 5¡¯ cap (cap-0 ±¸Á¶)°¡ vaccinia capping enzyme (VCE)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ°í, ÀÌÈÄ transcription start site (N1)ÀÌ mRNA 2¡¯-O-methyltransferase (2¡¯-O-MTase)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¯ÇüµÇ´Â ¼ø¼·Î cap-1 ±¸Á¶°¡ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù.
Takara IVTpro¢â mRNA Synthesis System (Code 6141)Àº co-transcriptional capping°ú post-transcriptional capping ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Co-transcriptional capping tech note
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Post-transcriptional capping tech note
¡á °ü·ÃÁ¦Ç°
- IVT¿ë Plasmid template Á¦ÀÛºÎÅÍ °í¼öÀ² IVT ±îÁö:
Takara IVTpro¢â mRNA Synthesis System (Code 6141)
- Transformation °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Poly(A) °°Àº ¹Ýº¹¼¿ÀÌ °á¼Õ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â:
Takara Stable Competent Cells (Code 9132)
- mRNA Àü¿ë Transfection ½Ã¾à:
TransIT¢ç-mRNA Transfection Kit (Code MIR 2250)
- ´õ ³ôÀº translation È¿À²ÀÇ mRNA ÇÕ¼º ¿ë linearized template vector:
Template Vector (BspQ I) for T7 mRNA Synthesis (Code 6146)
- ÀÓ»óºÐ¾ß ¿¬±¸°³¹ß¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ dsRNA È¥ÀÔÀÌ ÀûÀº:
PrimeCap¢â T7 RNA Polymerase (low dsRNA) (Code 2560A)